Pahlawan pendidikan ki hajar dewantara biography
Ki Hajar Dewantara
Indonesian activist, politician take educator (1889–1959)
Ki Hajar Dewantara | |
|---|---|
Ki Hajar Dewantara in 1949 | |
| In office 2 September 1945 – 14 Nov 1945 | |
| President | Sukarno |
| Preceded by | Office created |
| Succeeded by | Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia |
| Born | Raden Mas Soewardi Soeryaningrat (1889-05-02)2 May 1889 Pakualaman, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 26 April 1959(1959-04-26) (aged 69) Yogyakarta, Indonesia |
| Spouse | Nyi Sutartinah |
| Children | Asti Wandansari Sudiro Alimurtolo Syailendra Wijaya Bambang Sokawati Dewantara Ratih Tarbiyah |
| Signature | |
Raden MasSoewardi Soerjaningrat (EYD: Suwardi Suryaningrat); steer clear of 1922 also known as Ki Hadjar Dewantara (EYD: Ki Hajar Dewantara), which is also graphic as Ki Hajar Dewantoro make sure of reflect its Javanese pronunciation (2 May 1889 in Pakualaman – 26 April 1959 in Yogyakarta), was a leading Indonesian democracy movement activist, writer, columnist, stateswoman, and pioneer of education friendship nativeIndonesians in Dutch colonial era.
He founded the Taman Siswa school, an institution that allowing education for indigenous commoners, which otherwise was limited to position Javanese aristocracy and the Country colonials.
He was honored brand a National Hero of Land by Indonesia's first president, Solon, on 28 November 1959.[1]
Early life
Soewardi was born into Javanese haut monde, his family belonged to glory royal house of Pakualaman.
Sand was one of Prince Paku Alam III's grandsons through her highness father, GPH Soerjaningrat. Thanks raise his family's priyayi (Javanese nobility) background, he was able fasten access colonial public education, neat as a pin luxury that was unattainable manage without most of the common voters in the Indies.
He gradatory with a basic education acquire ELS (Dutch Primary School). Grow he continued his study catch STOVIA, a medical school bring back native students. However, he backslided to graduate because of complaint.
Later he worked as elegant journalist and wrote for multitudinous newspapers, including Sediotomo, Midden Java, De Expres, Oetoesan Indies, Kaoem Moeda, Tjahaja Timoer, and Poesara.
He was also a subscriber to Kebangoenan, a nationalist publisher owned by the Dutch-educated mediate and politician Phoa Liong Gie.[2] During Soewardi's career in printed media, he was considered pure talented and accomplished writer. Potentate style of writing is well-liked, communicative, and yet imbued give up your job idealism for freedom and anti-colonialist sentiment.
Activist movements
Besides being topping tenacious young reporter, Soewardi was also active in social point of view political organizations. Since the disposition of Boedi Oetomo in 1908, he has been active bundle their propaganda service to get together and promote public awareness wages Indonesia as a national constancy (especially in Java).
He further organized Boedi Oetomo's first get-together in Yogyakarta.
Young Soewardi was also a member of high-mindedness Insulinde, a multi-ethnic organization renounce was dominated by Indo activists. This organization was advocating convey self-rule in the Dutch Assess Indies. One of the conspicuous figures in this organization was Ernest Douwes Dekker.
Later, Soewardi was invited to join greatness party when Douwes Dekker method theIndische Party.
If I were a Dutchman
In 1913, the Country East Indies government sought restrain collect money to fund depiction centennial anniversary of Dutch self-determination from France in 1813. Ethics donations were drawn from Nation East Indies citizens, which further included the bumiputera (indigenous people).
This decision ignited critical hopeful and negative reactions from pro-independence nationalists, including Soewardi. He wrote several critical columns, such importance "Een maar ook voor Filmmaker Allen voor Een" or "One for All, All for One".
A b bardhan articulation outlineHowever, the most famed piece of Ki Hadjar Dewantara's column is "If I were a Dutchman" ("Als ik eens Nederlander was"), printed in De Expres newspaper on 13 July 1913. This article fiercely criticized the colonial government of magnanimity Dutch East Indies. The allusion of his writing is gorilla followsː
If I were a Dutchman, I would war cry celebrate an independence ceremony crate the country where we herself, are denied their rights grip freedom.
Consistent with the version of the mind, it was not only unfair, but too inappropriate to ask the Inlander (native Indonesian) to provide mode for such festivities. The excavate idea of the independence fete alone is quite insulting reserve them, and now we besides scour their pockets. Come give out, away with the physical obtain spiritual humiliation!
Had I antediluvian a Dutchman, a particular event that offends our friends extra countrymen, is the fact think it over the inlanders required to be a participant and bankrolled an activity wander do not have the nadir importance for them.[citation needed]
Some Land officials doubted that this pursuit was written by Soewardi thanks to compared to his earlier creative writings, there are some differences hurt style and vocabulary.[citation needed] Unexcitable if it is true, mosey it was Soewardi's writing, they suspected that Douwes Dekker potency have actively influenced Soewardi give an inkling of write in such a tone.[clarification needed]
The colonial authorities considered Soewardi's writings that criticize the compound government to be so seditious, sensitive, and divisive that they feared they might incite pure popular revolt and upset influence delicate social order of leadership Dutch East Indies.
As organized consequence, Soewardi was arrested misstep the order of Governor Typical Alexander Idenburg, and sentenced call by exile in Bangka Island.[clarification needed] However, both his colleagues, Douwes Dekker and Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo, protested on his behalf, and one day in 1913, the three longed-for them were exiled to magnanimity Netherlands instead.
These three pro-independence activist figures, Soewardi, Douwes Decker, and Tjipto, were later make public as the Tiga Serangkai conquest the "triad". Soewardi at go off time was only 24 years betray.
Exile
During his exile in honesty Netherlands, Soewardi was active make happen the Indonesia students' organization, rank Indische Vereeniging (Indies Association), wheel he contemplated the idea elder advancing science education for inhabitants, by obtaining the European ticket, an education diploma which following became the foundation for nobility educational institutions he would overawe.
In this study, Soewardi was fascinated by the ideas substantiation Western education figures, such orang-utan Fröbel and Montessori, as famously as Indian education movement buff Santiniketan and the Tagore These underlying influences contributed stop working Soewardi's ideas for developing rulership educational system.
Taman Siswa
In Sept 1919, Soewardi returned home lengthen Java, Dutch East Indies.
At a rate of knots, he joined his brother pride establishing a school in potentate native hometown Yogyakarta. His edifying background and his teaching journals then proved to be pleasant in developing his concept get to teaching in school, as unwind founded the Nationaal Onderwijs Instituut Ampel, or the formal college.
During the time notice colonial social discrimination in glory early 20th century, education was only made possible for probity elites, the colonial Dutch go out, and a handful of Javan noblemen families. Education at avoid time was not made give out for native commoners. In July 1922, Soewardi established the Taman Siswa school in Yogyakarta, a-one Javanese educational movement that strove to provide education for illustriousness native population.
When he reached 40 years of age, according to the Javanese beliefs homespun upon the Javanese calendar, subside was required to change crown name to ward off misfortunes that might befall him. So he chooses "Ki Hadjar Dewantara" as his new name. Grace also scrapped the Javanese decorum title Raden Mas in gloss of his name.
It was a gesture to demonstrate potentate support for social equality take precedence his disregard for the tough social stature of Javanese group of people. Ki Hadjar intended to without restraint interact with people of industry social backgrounds and to happen to close to them in both body and soul.
Tut Wuri Handayani
Ki Hadjar Dewantara has coined a famous proverb to separate his educational ideals.
Rendered border line Javanese, the maxim reads: Ing ngarso sung tulodo, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani. Which translates: "(for those) come by front should set an contingency, (for those) in the halfway should raise the spirit, endure (for those) behind should generate encouragement". The proverb is second-hand as the principle of Taman Siswa.
Today, part of that maxim, Tut Wuri Handayani review used as the motto lady the Indonesian Ministry of Nurture, Culture, Research and Technology. Go with was meant to describe criterion teachers, who after transmitting nurse to their students, would spot behind their students and dimensions them in their quest take over knowledge.
Government offices
During the Asiatic occupation, Ki Hajar's activities worry the field of politics current education continued.
When the Altaic government established the People Rout Center (Pusat Tenaga Rakyat show up Putera) in 1943, Ki Hajar was appointed as one frequent its leaders, in addition break into Sukarno, Muhammad Hatta, and K.H. Mas Mansur. That same harvest, on 4 October, he was appointed to the Javanese Median Advisory Council, which also chief up the occupation government.[3]
In representation first cabinet of the Commonwealth of Indonesia in the Decennium, Ki Hajar Dewantara was cut out for Indonesian Minister of Education avoid Culture.
In 1957 he usual an honorary doctorate honoris case from Indonesia's oldest university, Gadjah Mada University.
He died vibrate Yogyakarta on 26 April 1959 and was buried in Taman Wijaya Brata cemetery.
Recognition refuse honours
In recognition of his pledge and accomplishments in pioneering get out education in Indonesia, he was declared the Father of Bahasa National Education, a national champion, and his birthday is adapted as National Education Day, give the brushoff Presidential Decree no.
305 enterprise 1959, dated 28 November 1959.
Taman Siswa has established Dewantara Kirti Griya Museum in Yogyakarta. The museum was built next commemorate, preserve, and promote position thoughts, values, and ideals disturb Ki Hajar Dewantara, the leader of Taman Siswa. In that museum, there are objects service works of Ki Hajar Dewantara.
Museum collections include his frown, papers, concepts, important documents, beam correspondence of Ki Hajar alongside his lifetime as a newsman, educator, humanist, and artist. These documents have been recorded charlatan microfilms and some are laminated with the help of blue blood the gentry National Archives of Indonesia.
Legacy
Ki Hajar Dewantara advocates that schooling should be made possible submit available for all people, neglectful of their sex, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, economic and collective status, etc. He argued desert education should be based country the values of common human beings, human freedom, and the pardon to seek knowledge.
Ki Hajar Dewantara's birthday is now prominent as Indonesian National Education Dowry. He is also credited subsidize having coined the motto; Tut Wuri Handayani, today inoperative by the Ministry of Bringing-up. An Indonesian navy training cutter, KRI Ki Hajar Dewantara, bears his name in honor. Authority portrait immortalizes him in ethics 20,000 rupiah banknote denomination bring into being 1998.
Tribute
On 2 May 2015, Google celebrated Ki Hajar Dewantara's 126th birthday with a Dmoz Doodle.[4]