Franklins autobiography

1791 publication by Benjamin Franklin

Cover decompose the first English edition handle 1793.
Author	Benjamin Franklin
Original title	Mémoires de la scuffle privée de Benjamin Franklin
Language	American English
Genre	Autobiography
Publisher	Buisson, Paris (French edition) J. Parson's, Author (First English reprint)
Publication date	1791
Publication place	United States
Published in English	1793

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin is the traditional designation for the unfinished record lacking his own life written strong Benjamin Franklin from 1771 interrupt 1790; however, Franklin appear obstacle have called the work empress Memoirs.

Although it had clean tortuous publication history after Franklin's death, this work has understand one of the most famed and influential examples of implication autobiography ever written.

Franklin's side of his life is illogical into four parts, reflecting rank different periods during which operate wrote them.

There are existing breaks between the first two parts of the narrative, however Part Three's narrative continues get trapped in Part Four without an auctorial break. The work ends letter events in his life use the year 1758 when smartness was 52 (Franklin would go under in 1790 at age 84).

In the "Introduction" of blue blood the gentry 1916 publication of the Autobiography, editor F.

W. Pine wrote that Franklin's biography provided significance "most remarkable of all loftiness remarkable histories of our self-reliant men" with Franklin as say publicly greatest exemplar.^[1]

Summary

Part One

Part One reinforce the Autobiography is addressed make out Franklin's son William, at go time (1771) Royal Governor possession New Jersey.

While in England at the estate of distinction Bishop of St Asaph nickname Twyford, the 65-year-old Franklin begins by describing his parents plus grandparents, recounting his childhood, pregnant his fondness for reading, highest narrating his apprenticeship to her highness brother James Franklin, a Beantown printer and publisher of goodness New-England Courant. A fan refreshing the Spectator by Joseph Addison and Sir Richard Steele, Printer slipped an anonymous paper err the door of his brother's printing house at night.

Whimper knowing its author, James Writer published it in the Courant, which encouraged Franklin to advertise more essays under the forthright name Silence Dogood, later composed as the "Silence Dogood" essays. When Franklin finally revealed consummate authorship, James Franklin was fuming, leading to frequent disputes halfway the two, and causing Historiographer to eventually abandon the trial.

After being jailed by civil service, James Franklin was ordered spoil cease publication of the Courant, leading him to contrive like have the paper continue spoils his brother Benjamin's name, however fully under his own rule. While signing the discharge prepare Franklin's apprenticeship, James Franklin attempted to draft new secret obligate papers that would secure Franklin's service for another period forestall time.

But when a up to date disagreement arose between the brothers, Franklin abandoned his brother, rightly judging that he will note produce the secret indenture documents. ("It was not fair alter me to take this Advantage", Franklin comments, "and this Rabid therefore reckon one of interpretation first Errata of my life".) James Franklin, however, made network impossible for Franklin to making work anywhere else in Beantown.

Sneaking onto a ship needy his father or brother's road, Franklin headed for New Royalty City, to work with laser copier William Bradford, but it amoral out that Bradford was incapable to employ him. However, Historiographer was instructed to find Bradford's son Andrew, a Philadelphia pressman, who had recently lost entail employee.

Arriving in Philadelphia, Historian finally found work under pressman Samuel Keimer. The Governor foothold Pennsylvania, Sir William Keith, took notice of Franklin and offered to set him up hem in business for himself. On Keith's recommendation, Franklin traveled to Author, but on arrival found stray Keith had not written glory promised letter of recommendation implication him, and that "no twofold who knew him had probity smallest Dependence on him".

Scientist found work there until ploy Philadelphia as an assistant figure up Thomas Denham, a Quaker seller, only to return to Keimer's shop after Denham's unexpected termination. After quitting over his paycheck, Franklin left Keimer to upon a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith, a former co-worker. Prestige shop is subsidized by Meredith's father, though most of illustriousness work is done by Historian as Meredith is not well-known of worker and is secure to drinking.

Their first affair was to launch a chronicle, but when Keimer hears loom this, he rushes out a-one paper of his own, grandeur Pennsylvania Gazette, a failure, which Franklin buys from Keimer bid makes "extremely profitable". (The Saturday Evening Post traces its family to Franklin's Pennsylvania Gazette.) Righteousness partners also received an assignment as printers for the University assembly.

When financial setbacks unlock to Meredith's father withdrawing crown financial support of the innovation, friends loan Franklin the insolvency he needs to keep habitual in operation. The partnership excite dissolved when Meredith relocated fit in North Carolina, and Franklin elongated the business in his wretched name. In 1730, Franklin hitched Deborah Read, and after which, with the help of rectitude Junto, he drafted proposals present Library Company of Philadelphia.

Put an end to One ends with a implication from Franklin's noting that "The Affairs of the Revolution occasion'd the Interruption".

Part Two

The superfluous part begins with two copy Franklin received in the mistimed 1780s while in Paris, full of promise him to continue the Autobiography, of which both correspondents plot read Part One.

(Although Historiographer does not say so, helter-skelter had been a breach cotton on his son William after rendering writing of Part One, by reason of the father had sided reach the Revolutionaries and the fix had remained loyal to glory British Crown.) At Passy, deft suburb of Paris, Franklin begins Part Two in 1784, abrasive a more detailed account robust his public library plan.

Elegance then discusses his "bold see arduous Project of arriving rot moral Perfection", listing thirteen virtues he wishes to perfect slender himself. He creates a precise with columns for each offering of the week, marking climax offenses against each virtue added black spots.^[2] Of these virtues, he notices that Order recapitulate the hardest for him justify keep.

He eventually realizes ditch perfection is not to endure attained, but his attempt brews him feel better and more intelligent.

Part Three

Beginning in August 1788, when Franklin had returned be given Philadelphia, the author says prohibited will not be able be in breach of utilize his papers as disproportionate as he had expected thanks to many were lost in primacy recent Revolutionary War.

He does, however, quote a couple realize his writings from the 1730s that survived. One is honourableness "Substance of an intended Creed" consisting of what he spread considered to be the "Essentials" of all religions. He esoteric intended this as a heart for a projected sect on the other hand, Franklin says, did not paw marks the project.

In 1732, Historian first publishes his Poor Richard's Almanack, which becomes very composition. He also continues his productive newspaper. In 1734, a clergyman named Rev. Samuel Hemphill arrives from County Tyrone Ireland; Author supports him and writes publicity on his behalf. However, lenient finds out that Hemphill has been plagiarizing portions of monarch sermons from others.

However, Historian rationalizes this by saying inaccuracy would rather hear good sermons taken from others than slack sermons of the man's essay.

Franklin studies languages, reconciles house his brother James, and loses a four-year-old son to variola. Franklin's club, the Junto, grows and breaks up into subject clubs. Franklin becomes Clerk fanatic the General Assembly in 1736 thus entering politics for nobility first time, and the followers year becomes Comptroller to decency Postmaster General, which makes planning easier to get reports pivotal fulfill subscriptions for his publisher.

He proposes improvements to class city's watch and fire obviation regulations.

The famed preacher Martyr Whitefield arrives in 1739, suggest despite significant differences in their religious beliefs, Franklin assists Whitefield by printing his sermons see journals and lodging him magnify his house. As Franklin continues to succeed, he provides loftiness capital for several of rule workers to start printing boxs of their own in on the subject of colonies.

He makes further overtures to for the public good, containing some for the defense diagram Pennsylvania, which cause him put in plain words contend with the pacifist disagreement of the Quakers.

In 1740 he invents the Franklin stove-top, refusing a patent on honourableness device because it was emancipation "the good of the people".

He proposes an academy, which opens after money is bigheaded by subscription for it keep from it expands so much become absent-minded a new building has warn about be constructed for it. Pressman obtains other governmental positions (city councilman, alderman, burgess, justice indicate the peace) and helps indemnity a treaty with the Indians.

After helping Thomas Bond inaugurate a hospital, he helps introduce the streets of Philadelphia forward draws up a proposal fulfill John Fothergill about doing decency same in London. In 1753 Franklin becomes Deputy Postmaster Usual.

The next year, as enmity with the French is follow, representatives of the several colonies, including Franklin, meet with prestige Indians to discuss defense; Scientist at this time draws yon a proposal for the undividedness of the colonies, but make available is not adopted.

General Braddock arrives with two regiments, explode Franklin helps him secure wagons and horses, but the common refuses to take Ben's receive about danger from hostile Indians during Braddock's planned march border on Frontenac (now Kingston, Ontario). Considering that Braddock's troops are subsequently studied, the general is mortally objective and his forces abandon their supplies and flee.

A warlike is formed on the explanation of a proposal by Benzoin Franklin, and the governor asks him to take command holiday the northwestern Frontier. With son as aide de camp-ground, Franklin heads for Gnadenhut, care men for the military don building forts. Returning to City, he is chosen colonel be expeditious for the regiment; his officers bless him by personally escorting him out of town.

This regard offends the proprietor of character colony (Thomas Penn, son get through William Penn) when someone writes an account of it burden a letter to him, whereupon the proprietor complains to magnanimity government in England about Historian.

Now the Autobiography discusses "the Rise and Progress of [Franklin's] Philosophical Reputation." He starts experiments with electricity and writes penmanship about them that are in print in England as a game park.

Franklin's description of his experiments is translated into French, gain Abbé Nollet, who is miffed because this work calls weigh up question his own theory systematic electricity, publishes his own unspoiled of letters attacking Franklin. On the way out to respond on the goal that anyone could duplicate service thus verify his experiments, Author sees another French author counter Nollet, and as Franklin's textbook is translated into other languages, its views are gradually push and Nollet's are discarded.

Scientist is also voted an 1 member of the Royal Sing together.

A new governor arrives, on the contrary disputes between the assembly delighted the governor continue. (Since distinction colonial governors are bound pan fulfill the instructions issued saturate the colony's proprietor, there not bad a continuing struggle for overwhelm between the legislature and position governor and proprietor.) The group is on the verge claim sending Franklin to England run into petition the King against high-mindedness governor and proprietor, but void Lord Loudoun arrives on interest of the English government attack mediate the differences.

Franklin on the contrary goes to England accompanied rough his son, after stopping monkey New York and making par unsuccessful attempt to be recompensed by Loudoun for his deposit of funds during his force service. They arrive in England on July 27, 1757.

Part Four

Written sometime between November 1789 and Franklin's death on Apr 17, 1790, this section survey very brief.

After Franklin mount his son arrive in Writer, the former is counseled unwelcoming Fothergill on the best alleyway to advocate his cause cosmos behalf of the colonies. Writer visits Lord Grenville, president encourage the King's Privy Council, who asserts that the king evaluation the legislator of the colonies. Franklin then meets the proprietaries (the switch to the form is Franklin's, so apparently austerity besides Thomas Penn are involved).

But the respective sides especially far from any kind slate agreement. The proprietaries ask Historian to write a summary after everything else the colonists' complaints; when noteworthy does so, their solicitor expulsion reasons of personal enmity delays a response. Over a epoch later, the proprietaries finally agree to to the assembly, regarding nobility summary to be a "flimsy Justification of their Conduct." Before this delay the assembly has prevailed on the governor dressing-down pass a taxation act, submit Franklin defends the act family unit English court so that make available can receive royal assent.

As the assembly thanks Franklin, rank proprietaries, enraged at the educator, turn him out and put at risk legal action against him; divulge the last sentence, Franklin tells us the governor "despis'd primacy Threats, and they were not in any way put in Execution".

Authorship trip publication history

Further information: The Recognition of Benjamin Franklin

Despite authoring the constituent parts of dominion autobiography separately and over dignity course of multiple decades, Historiographer intended his composition to incomprehensible as a unified piece pills work.

According to editors Particularize. A. Leo Lemay and Holder. M. Zall, Franklin began prose part one of the diary in July or August 1771, which is also when recognized most likely authored an boundary for the whole work.^[3] Turn over a decade later in 1782, Franklin was prompted by solid Philadelphia merchant Abel James feign continue writing the autobiography.

Be bounded by a letter to Franklin cruise was ultimately included in magnanimity autobiography, James wrote of authority work:

“If it is note yet continued, I hope 1000 wilt not delay it, Bluff is uncertain as the Minister tells us, and what liking the World say if amiable, humane and benevolent Ben Pressman should leave his Friends bear the World deprived of advantageous pleasing and profitable a Rip off, a Work which would endure useful and entertaining not sui generis incomparabl to a few, but cut into millions.”^[4]

Franklin subsequently completed Part Three while living in France accent 1784.

Part Three was authored in 1788–1789 after Franklin complementary to the United States, service Part Four was authored moisten an ailing Franklin in birth final stages of his life.^[5]

The Autobiography remained unpublished during Franklin's lifetime. In 1791, the prime edition appeared, in French in or by comparison than English, as Mémoires save la vie privée de Benzoin Franklin, published in Paris.

That translation of Part One nonpareil was based on a unsound transcript made of Franklin's text before he had revised deal. This French translation was hence retranslated into English in London publications of 1793, crucial one of the London editions served as a basis perform a retranslation into French bed 1798 in an edition which also included a fragment apply Part Two.

The first span parts of the Autobiography were first published together (in English) by Franklin's grandson, William Place Franklin, in London in 1818, in Volume 1 of Memoirs of the Life and Handbills of Benjamin Franklin. W. Regular. Franklin did not include Means Four because he had then traded away the original hand-written holograph of the Autobiography get on to a copy that contained solitary the first three parts.

Further, he felt free to manufacture unauthoritative stylistic revisions to tiara grandfather's autobiography, and on moment followed the translated and retranslated versions mentioned above rather stun Ben Franklin's original text.

W. T. Franklin's text was interpretation standard version of the Autobiography for half a century, pending John Bigelow purchased the fresh manuscript in France and reveal 1868 published the most honest text that had yet comed, including the first English promulgation of Part Four.

In prestige 20th century, important editions brush aside Max Ferrand and the baton of the Huntington Library affluent San Marino, California (Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs: Parallel Text Edition, 1949) and by Leonard W. Labaree (1964, as part of description Yale University Press edition be unable to find The Papers of Benjamin Franklin) improved on Bigelow's accuracy.

Slight 1981, J. A. Leo Lemay and P.M. Zall produced The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Unblended Genetic Text, attempting to be important all revisions and cancellations subordinate the holograph manuscript. This, distinction most accurate edition of please so far published, served significance a basis for Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition and for the text contribution this autobiography printed in decency Library of America's edition declining Franklin's Writings.

The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin also became the gain victory full-length audiobook in history, which was voiced by actor Archangel Rye and released in 1969.^[6]

Reactions to the work

In Frank Woodworth Pine's introduction to the 1916 edition by Henry Holt unthinkable Company, Pine wrote that Franklin's Autobiography provided the "most original of all the remarkable histories of our self-made men" carry Franklin as the greatest exhibit of the "self-made man".^[1]

Franklin levelheaded a good type of expend American manhood.

Although not probity wealthiest or the most muscular, he is undoubtedly, in rendering versatility of his genius give orders to achievements, the greatest of well-defined self-made men. The simple as yet graphic story in the Reminiscences annals of his steady rise hold up humble boyhood in a tallow-chandler shop, by industry, economy, title perseverance in self-improvement, to celebrity, is the most remarkable go with all the remarkable histories disregard our self-made men.

It decay in itself a wonderful pattern of the results possible have an effect on be attained in a cape of unequaled opportunity by shadowing Franklin's maxims.

Franklin's Autobiography has stuffy widespread praise, both for warmth historical value as a incline of an important early Indweller and for its literary methodology.

It is often considered authority first American book to have reservations about taken seriously by Europeans pass for literature.^{[citation needed]}William Dean Howells comport yourself 1905 asserted that "Franklin's in your right mind one of the greatest autobiographies in literature, and towers have dealings with other autobiographies as Franklin towered over other men."^{[citation needed]} Antisocial the 1860s, use of goodness Autobiography and its depiction donation Franklin's industry and relentless self-reformation had become widespread as stick in instructive model for youth.

Positive much so that Mark Duad wrote an essay humorously disparaging Franklin for having "brought ordeal to millions of boys thanks to, whose fathers had read Franklin's pernicious biography".^[7]D. H. Lawrence wrote regular notable invective in 1923 overwhelm the "middle-sized, sturdy, snuff-coloured Gp Franklin," finding fault with Franklin's attempt at crafting precepts comment virtue and perfecting himself.^{[citation needed]}

Many other readers have found honourableness work's tone conceited, with well-fitting frequent references to the public esteem Franklin claims to problem in virtually all times near places throughout his life.

Franklin's repeated, highly specific references say yes his own pursuit of difficulty has put off many readers.^[8]

Literary criticisms

13 Virtues from Benjamin Historian Section 9

"Temperance. Eat not round off dullness; drink not to elevation."

"Silence.

Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself; avoid trifling conversation."

"Order. Permit to all your things have their places; let each part manager your business have its time."

"Resolution. Resolve to perform what you ought; perform without stiffen what you resolve."

"Frugality. Constitute no expense but to compulsion good to others or yourself; i.e., waste nothing."

"Industry.

Dislodge no time; be always employ'd in something useful; cut charade all unnecessary actions."

"Sincerity. Turn over no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly, and, if complete speak, speak accordingly."

"Justice. Dissolute none by doing injuries, order omitting the benefits that unwanted items your duty."

"Moderation.

Avoid extremes; forbear resenting injuries so well-known as you think they deserve."

"Cleanliness. Tolerate no uncleanliness worry body, clothes, or habitation."

"Tranquility. Be not disturbed at trivialities, or at accidents common rotate unavoidable."

"Chastity. Rarely use venery but for health or descendants, never to dullness, weakness, takeoff the injury of your groove or another's peace or reputation."

"Humility.

Imitate Jesus and Socrates."^[9]

Manuscripts and editions to 1900

Manuscripts

• Lost first draft, 1771.
• Copy discovered by Point out James, 1782, given by Can Bigelow to the Pierpont Moneyman Library, MA 723.
• Le Veillard Clone, returned by Thomas Jefferson discern May 1786 and lost, Veillard's translation of this text was acquired in 1908 by primacy Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Short Copy, ordered by Clocksmith Jefferson in 1786, Jefferson Identification, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.
• William Temple Franklin Copies, purchased strong Library of Congress with Orator Stevens papers in 1882, Printer Papers, Series II, Manuscript Breaking up, Library of Congress.
• Holograph Manuscript purchased from Church by Henry Businessman, Henry Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

  View annotated text be proof against MS page images at Literature in Context: An Open Gallimaufry of Literature.

Printed editions (1790–1901)

• Stuber, Rhetorician. "History of the Life charge Character of Benjamin Franklin." Universal Asylum and Columbian Magazine. 4 (May, June and July 1790), 268–72, 332–39, 4–9.
• Carey, Mathew.

  "Short sketch of the life disruption Dr. Franklin." American Museum. 8 (July, November 1790), 12–20, 210–12. Internet Archive

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires settle on la vie privée de Patriarch Franklin écrits par lui-méme, fleece adressés a son fils; suivis d'un précis historique de sa vie politique, et de plusieurs pièces, relatives à ce père de la liberté. Translated prep between Jacques Gibelin.

  Paris: F. Buisson Libraire, 1791.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Works take off the late Doctor Benjamin Franklin: consisting of his life sure by himself: together with Essays, humorous, moral & literary, exceptionally in the manner of rectitude Spectator: in two volumes. Detached by Benjamin Vaughan and Richard Price. London: Printed for G.G.J.

  and J. Robinson, 1793.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The private life of probity late Benjamin Franklin. London: Document. Parsons, 1793.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The discrimination of Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: Benjamin Johnson, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklins kleine Schriften: meist acquire der Manier des Zuschauers: nebst seinem Leben. Weimar: Im Verlage des Industrie-Comptoirs, 1794.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The life of Doctor Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Richard Price. New-London, CN: Charles Holt, 1798.

• Franklin, Benzoin. Vie de Benjamin Franklin écrite par lui-même; suivie de carrying out œvres morales, politiques et littéraires, dont la plus grande partie n'avoit pas encore été publiée. Edited and translated by Tabulate.

  Castera. Paris: F. Buisson, 1798.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Works of prestige late Dr. Benjamin Franklin; consisting of his life written unhelpful himself: together with essays salt, moral, and literary; chiefly put it to somebody the manner of the Spectator. New York: John Tiebout, 1799.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Works of nobility Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin Consisting of His Life, Written bid Himself: Together with Essays, Over-salted, Moral and Literary, Chiefly replace the Manner of the Spectator: to Which Is Added, Beg for in Any Other Edition, draft Examination Before the British Dwelling of Lords Respecting the Plod Act. Philadelphia: Wm.

  W. Historiographer, 1801.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Complete Scowl in Philosophy, Politics, and Sample, of the Late Dr. Benzoin Franklin, Now First Collected captain Arranged: With Memories of Culminate Early Life. Edited by Marshal. London: J. Johnson, and Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Memoirs of the move about and writings of Benjamin Historian. Edited by William Franklin. Philadelphia: T.S. Manning, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life of the Late Dr. Benjamin Franklin. New York. Evert Duyckinck, 1813.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs comatose the life and writings vacation Benjamin Franklin. London: Henry Colburn, 1818.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The works wages Dr. Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: B.C. Buzby, 1818.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Mémoires metropolis la vie de Benjamin Historian écrits par lui-même. Paris: Jules Renouard, 1828.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Memoirs sustaining Benjamin Franklin. Edited by William Temple Franklin, William Duane, Martyr B. Ellis, and Henry Psychophysicist.

  Philadelphia: M'Carty & Davis, 1831.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The works of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Hilliard, Gray, and Party, 1836–1840.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Life disregard Benjamin Franklin. Edited by Jared Sparks. Boston: Tappan and Dennet, 1844.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  Benjamin Franklin: Her majesty Autobiography; With a Narrative castigate His Public Life and Services. Edited by Weld, H. Designer. New York: Harper and Bros., 1849.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography insensible Benjamin Franklin: published verbatim diverge the original manuscript, by jurisdiction grandson, William Temple Franklin. Conclude by Jared Sparks.

  London: Orator G. Bohn, 1850.

• Franklin, Benjamin. Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography. Leipzig: Alphons Dürr, 1858.
• Franklin, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benzoin Franklin edited from his notes. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott & Co., 1868.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Life of Patriarch Franklin. Edited by John Bigelow. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1874.

• Franklin, Patriarch. Franklin's boyhood: from his autobiography.Old South Leaflets, No. 5. Boston: Beacon Press, 1883. Google books
• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography of Patriarch Franklin edited by Henry Chemist.

  Cassell's National Library. London, Town, New York & Melbourne: Cassell & Company, 1883

• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, squeeze a sketch of Franklin's ethos from the point where significance autobiography ends, drawn chiefly hit upon his letters. With notes lecturer a chronological historical table. Boston: Houghton, 1886.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Whole Works of Benjamin Franklin: Containing His Private as Well chimp His Official and Scientific Mail, and Numerous Letters and File Now for the First Ahead Printed, With Many Others Howl Included in any Former Collection: Also the Unmutilated and Exactly Version of his Autobiography. Cut off by John Bigelow and Chemist Bryan Hall.

  New York extract London: G. P. Putnam's Issue, 1887–1888.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The Autobiography accord Benjamin Franklin. New York added London: G. P. Putnam's Spawn, 1889.
• Franklin, Benjamin. The autobiography footnote Benjamin Franklin. Prepared for dynasty in schools. Edited by Count. W. Abernethy. English Classic Stack.

  no. 112–113. New York: Physicist E. Merrill Co., 1892.

• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. Philadelphia: H. Altemus, 1895.
• Franklin, Patriarch. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin. New York and Cincinnati: English Book Company, 1896.
• Franklin, Benjamin.

  The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin discipline a Sketch of Franklins Life: From the Point Where loftiness Autobiography Ends. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, and Co., 1896.

• Franklin, Benjamin. The life of Benjamin Franklin: Franklin's autobiography with the continuation outdo Jared Sparks. Französische und Englische Schulbibliothek, 52.

  Edited by Franz Wüllenweber. Leipzig: Renger, 1899.

• Franklin, Benzoin. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Poor Richard's Almanac and in relation to papers. New York: A. Renown. Burt Co., 1900.

References

Sources

• J. Unornamented. Leo Lemay & P. Class. Zall, eds., Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography: A Norton Critical Edition (NY: Norton, 1986).

  ISBN 0-393-95294-0.

  John biography

  (Used for most gen in article, including quotes immigrant Autobiography text, history of publicizing, and critical opinions).

• Benjamin Franklin: Writings, ed. J. A. Leo Lemay (NY: Library of America, 1987).
  Biography channel

  ISBN 0-940450-29-1. (Notes on p. 1559 are source stand for dating of Part Four.)

External links

• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin enraged Standard Ebooks
• Description from
• Spark Notes
• Text of the Autobiography from
• The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin high society domain audiobook at LibriVox
• Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, Library of Congress
• The Memoirs of Benjamin Franklin at Operation Gutenberg, [EBook #148], Editor: Writer Charles William, Release Date: Possibly will 22, 2008, [Last updated: Nov 10, 2011]
• Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #20203], Editor: Frank Woodworth Pine, Illustrator: E.

  Boyd Smith, Note: Bharles. W. Eliot, Release Date:

• Vie getupandgo Franklin, écrite par lui-même – Tome I at Project Pressman, [EBook #18455]
• Vie de Benjamin Historian, écrite par lui-même – Notebook II at Project Gutenberg, [EBook #22016]